Gis as a Powerful Tool for Landscape Planning

The landscape planning is a process preceding the territorial planning procedure. It is based on the multidisciplinary territorial data assessment respecting both the given natural resources and area ability to cover social requirements without the landscape self-destruction. The most landscape planning procedures are formalizeable and this way the GIS technology is the very valuable tool to process large amounts of data reliably and to make landscape plans in real time better and multi-alternative. A GIS technology application on the cadastre level in the landscape planning is demonstrated on example of the Staré Město community (Czech Republic). 1. LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND GIS The territorial planning in generally follows the aim to adapt the available environment to acceptable human requirements with regard to residential, work and relaxation needs. Especially the “well being” aspect of human feeling in the landscape is on a growing importance regardless to the activity being done by humans. There is a wide variety of thinking how to match this goal here. The undisturbed role of free market stands on one extreme of decisions while the governmental paternalism occupies the opposite side. Between them are various variants of governmental and social regulations (van Elzakker, 1994). The landscape planning is a multidisciplinary decision making process dealing with the proposal of the further spatial distribution of human activities in the area. It is based on the evaluation of the land suitability and ability or land carrying capability with regard to possible risks (Bastian, Schreiber, edits., 1994, Drdoš, Kozová, 1992, Izakovičová, Miklós, Drdoš, 1997). The need for the integration and reliable data processing makes the background for the GIS technology application. The opportunity to create valuable cartographic outputs from the data processing is another advantage of the GIS technology. It is possible to distinguish at least two ways of territorial planning under the conditions of the Czech Republic dependently on the landscape type: 1. planning in urban areas (basically in the built-up areas) using principles and tools of urbanism, and 2. planning in open landscape (basically in extravillans) based on territory planning and landscape planning approach. The territory plan (or territory planning) is the only planning institute entitled by the Czech legislation since 1991 to provide this activity independently on the real land use. The landscape planning is not adopted legislatively. Regardless to the legislature, the territory planning development reached the stage of the approval procedure of various proceeding and presentation standards under the supervision of the governmental Czech Bureau of Information Policy (Kolejka, 2000a). 2. PLANNING GOALS IN THE LANDSCAPE The perspective aim of the planning in the territory is reaching the optimal land use respecting in the maximum possible compromise all requirements of parties and the level of knowledge. It is clear any example of the planning document and especially its realising in the territory represent a multiparty compromise covering the most viewpoints and securing the most ones of positive functions suggested by the project. Regardless to the goal of the project and the territory dealt, any project has to follow a set of requirements (Bartkowski, 1979): 1. environmental security (project content), 2. role efficiency (area position), and 3. esthetical acceptability (solution form). Even in the case respecting all these requirements, the solution serves as compromise. The geoecological knowledge plays an important role especially in the rural landscape planning still dominated with natural processes. At the same time, the impact of natural factors is strongly suppressed in urban landscapes. In comparison, the territorial planning follows the tasks of the economical and social development demonstrated with 32 Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium the most efficient land use structure in the territory dealt with (Lipský, 1998), the landscape planning searches for a balance between the natural ability of the territory to cover social requirements and the real perspective of sustainable development needs. 3. LANDSCAPE PLANNING – TERM, CONTENT